文/凯奔教育张老师

今天和大家分享一个gmat句子改错中非常高频的一个考点：主谓一致。

主谓一致这个考点呢，有很多细分的小知识点。

其中，如果和修饰这个考点相结合，那么可以用定语从句来进行考察主谓一致。关于定语从句的主谓一致原则，是需要取决于所修饰的名词，也就是先行词。

比如说下面这个题目，我们一起来看一下：

The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and isfamous for its aggressive hunting pods.

(A) include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is

(B) include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and

(C) include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being

(D) includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is

(E) includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is

组成海豚家族的32个物种与鲸鱼有着密切的关系，事实上包括被称为虎鲸的动物，虎鲸可以长到30英尺长，以其侵略性的捕猎而闻名。

1.在这个句子中，我们可以知道第一个从句是The 32 species （that make up the dolphin family） 这一部分，其实题干中就有一个对该知识点的印证，species是单复数同形的名词，这里是 The 32 species ，因此是一个复数概念，所以定语从句中的谓语动词根据先行词的情况，用了make up，而不是makes up。

2.在题干中我们会发现，主语The 32 species 的谓语动词，应该是 are。如果对于考点很敏感，我们会立刻发现画线部分的前面有一个and，因此第一个考点浮现出来了：即include应该和make up并列。选项可以根据include是否加s，而分为两组，也就是ABC一组，DE一组。所以DE选项被排除。

(A) include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is

(B) includethe animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and

(C) include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being

(D) includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is

(E) includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is

3.ABC三个选项的明显差异在后半句，A选项用的是定语从句表达，那么which根据就近原则，会清晰的指代killer whale，语义表达清晰。

而BC选项用的是growing来引导，doing结构做修饰的时候，既可修饰前面的就近名词，也可以修饰整个句子，表示一种结果或伴随的状态。因此，表意会没有A选项清晰。所以正确答案为A选项。

(A) include the animal known as the killer whale,which can grow to be 30 feet long and is

(B) include the animal known as the killer whale,growing as big as 30 feet long and

(C) include the animal known as the killer whale,growing up to 30 feet long and being

4.同时，B选项中的growing无法和后文中，and后的famous作并列，因此也是错误的。

而C选项中的growing up to 30 feet long表达的是直到30 feet，但原文表达的是grow to be 30 feet，意味长到30 feet，这里修改了原文语义，也是不恰当的。

(D) include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and

(E) include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being

今天的分享就到这里啦，希望对大家有帮助！

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